Organic Fertilization Practices and Coconut Productivity in Smallholder Plantations: Evidence from Nabire Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

Coconut is an important smallholder plantation commodity in Nabire Regency, Indonesia, yet its productivity remains suboptimal due to traditional cultivation practices, aging trees, irregular maintenance, and limited technical capacity. This study examines coconut cultivation conditions and productivity, identifies organic fertilization practices, and assesses their contribution to coconut productivity in smallholder plantations. A descriptive field study was conducted using field observations, productivity measurements, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Productivity was assessed based on the number of fruits per tree, coconut flesh weight, harvest intervals, and plant growth conditions. The findings indicate that organic fertilizers, including livestock manure, compost, plant residues, leaves, and grass, are already used by farmers, but application practices remain inconsistent in terms of dosage, frequency, processing, and application techniques. Organic fertilization contributes positively to soil conditions, plant growth, and the potential improvement of coconut productivity. However, its effectiveness depends on complementary cultivation practices, including proper maintenance, quality planting materials, pest and disease management, and the rejuvenation of aging trees. The study highlights the need for standardized fertilization practices, stronger agricultural extension services, farmer capacity building, and sustainable integration of livestock and plantation resources.